Distinct alterations in probabilistic reversal learning across at-risk mental state, first episode psychosis and persistent schizophrenia
Griffin, J. D. Diederen, K. M. J. Haarsma, J. Jarratt Barnham, I. C. Cook, B. R. H. Fernandez-Egea, E. Williamson, S. van Sprang, E. D. Gaillard, R. Vinckier, F.
Griffin, J. D.
Diederen, K. M. J.
Haarsma, J.
Jarratt Barnham, I. C.
Cook, B. R. H.
Fernandez-Egea, E.
Williamson, S.
van Sprang, E. D.
Gaillard, R.
Vinckier, F.
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Affiliation
University of Cambridge; Institute of Psychiatry, London; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square, UCL, London; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Trust; Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Partnership Trust; University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam; Paris Descartes University; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM);
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Publication date
2024-07
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Abstract
We used a probabilistic reversal learning task to examine prediction error-driven belief updating in three clinical groups with psychosis or psychosis-like symptoms. Study 1 compared people with at-risk mental state and first episode psychosis (FEP) to matched controls. Study 2 compared people diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) to matched controls. The design replicated our previous work showing ketamine-related perturbations in how meta-level confidence maintained behavioural policy. We applied the same computational modelling analysis here, in order to compare the pharmacological model to three groups at different stages of psychosis. Accuracy was reduced in FEP, reflecting increased tendencies to shift strategy following probabilistic errors. The TRS group also showed a greater tendency to shift choice strategies though accuracy levels were not significantly reduced. Applying the previously-used computational modelling approach, we observed that only the TRS group showed altered confidence-based modulation of responding, previously observed under ketamine administration. Overall, our behavioural findings demonstrated resemblance between clinical groups (FEP and TRS) and ketamine in terms of a reduction in stabilisation of responding in a noisy environment. The computational analysis suggested that TRS, but not FEP, replicates ketamine effects but we consider the computational findings preliminary given limitations in performance of the model.
Citation
Griffin, J.D., Diederen, K.M.J., Haarsma, J. et al. Distinct alterations in probabilistic reversal learning across at-risk mental state, first episode psychosis and persistent schizophrenia. Sci Rep 14, 17614 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68004-7
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Article