Artificial intelligence in corneal diseases : a narrative review
Nguyen, Tuan Ong, Joshua Masalkhi, Mouayad Waisberg, Ethan Zaman, Nasif Sarker, Prithul Aman, Sarah Lin, Haotian Luo, Mingjie Ambrosio, Renato
Nguyen, Tuan
Ong, Joshua
Masalkhi, Mouayad
Waisberg, Ethan
Zaman, Nasif
Sarker, Prithul
Aman, Sarah
Lin, Haotian
Luo, Mingjie
Ambrosio, Renato
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Affiliation
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program; University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center; University College Dublin; Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust; et al.
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Publication date
2024-08-27
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Abstract
Corneal diseases represent a growing public health burden, especially in resource-limited settings lacking access to specialized eye care. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for automating the diagnosis and management of corneal conditions. This narrative review examines the application of AI in corneal diseases, focusing on keratoconus, infectious keratitis, pterygium, dry eye disease, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and corneal transplantation. AI models integrating diverse imaging modalities (e.g., corneal topography, slit-lamp, and anterior segment OCT images) and clinical data have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, often outperforming human experts. Emerging trends include the incorporation of biomechanical data to enhance keratoconus detection, leveraging in vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosing infectious keratitis, and employing multimodal approaches for comprehensive disease analysis. Additionally, AI has shown potential in predicting disease progression, treatment outcomes, and postoperative complications in corneal transplantation. While challenges remain such as population heterogeneity, limited external validation, and the "black box" nature of some models, ongoing advancement in explainable AI, data augmentation, and improved regulatory frameworks can serve to address these limitations.
Citation
Nguyen T, Ong J, Masalkhi M, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Sarker P, Aman S, Lin H, Luo M, Ambrosio R, Machado AP, Ting DSJ, Mehta JS, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Artificial intelligence in corneal diseases: A narrative review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2024 Aug 27:102284. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102284. Epub ahead of print
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Article