Oculomics: current concepts and evidence
Zhu, Zhuoting Wang, Yueye Qi, Ziyi Hu, Wenyi Zhang, Xiayin Wagner, Siegfried K Wang, Yujie Ran, An Ran Ong, Joshua Waisberg, Ethan
Zhu, Zhuoting
Wang, Yueye
Qi, Ziyi
Hu, Wenyi
Zhang, Xiayin
Wagner, Siegfried K
Wang, Yujie
Ran, An Ran
Ong, Joshua
Waisberg, Ethan
Affiliation
University of Melbourne; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Southern Medical University; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; University College London; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center; University of Cambridge; University College Dublin School of Medicine; Tulane University; National University of Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Duke-NUS Medical School; Monash University; Sun Yat-sen University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Google Research; Baylor College of Medicine Houston; Blanton Eye Institute; Houston Methodist Hospital; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Texas Medical Branch; University of Texas; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; University of Birmingham; Singapore National Eye Centre; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Tsinghua University
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Publication date
2025-03-04
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Abstract
The eye provides novel insights into general health, as well as pathogenesis and development of systemic diseases. In the past decade, growing evidence has demonstrated that the eye's structure and function mirror multiple systemic health conditions, especially in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and kidney impairments. This has given rise to the field of oculomics-the application of ophthalmic biomarkers to understand mechanisms, detect and predict disease. The development of this field has been accelerated by three major advances: 1) the availability and widespread clinical adoption of high-resolution and non-invasive ophthalmic imaging ("hardware"); 2) the availability of large studies to interrogate associations ("big data"); 3) the development of novel analytical methods, including artificial intelligence (AI) ("software"). Oculomics offers an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the interplay between the eye and the body, while supporting development of innovative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. These advances have been further accelerated by developments in AI, coupled with large-scale linkage datasets linking ocular imaging data with systemic health data. Oculomics also enables the detection, screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of many systemic health conditions. Furthermore, oculomics with AI allows prediction of the risk of systemic diseases, enabling risk stratification, opening up new avenues for prevention or individualized risk prediction and prevention, facilitating personalized medicine. In this review, we summarise current concepts and evidence in the field of oculomics, highlighting the progress that has been made, remaining challenges, and the opportunities for future research.
Citation
Zhu Z, Wang Y, Qi Z, Hu W, Zhang X, Wagner SK, Wang Y, Ran AR, Ong J, Waisberg E, Masalkhi M, Suh A, Tham YC, Cheung CY, Yang X, Yu H, Ge Z, Wang W, Sheng B, Liu Y, Lee AG, Denniston AK, Wijngaarden PV, Keane PA, Cheng CY, He M, Wong TY. Oculomics: Current concepts and evidence. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2025 May;106:101350. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101350. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
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Article