Germ cell tumours: relevance of prompt diagnosis

Abstract

Introduction/Background Germ cell tumours of the ovary are a rare entity, encountered mainly in teenagers and young women of less than 35 years old. There are no big or randomized studies. These are rapidly growing tumours and highly malignant, however the prognosis is good in both early and late stages as the tumours respond well to chemotherapy. Delayed diagnosis may have a negative impact on the prognosis.

Methodology We report 3 cases of germ cell tumours, two of dysgerminoma, 28 and 34 years old, and one of yolk sac tumour, 22 years old along with their clinical presentation, histopathological features, diagnosis, and individualised management depending on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.

Results To date all patients remained asymptomatic after their surgical and chemotherapeutical treatment, with no evidence of recurrent disease.

Conclusion This case series reviews key aspects for early and prompt diagnosis and rapid treatment which has a significant impact on the prognosis. Pain and discomfort caused by a pelvic mass should lead to several differential diagnoses, and a positive pregnancy test should not be assumed as a pregnancy only. Germ cell tumours can be extremely aggressive and require prompt referral and early surgical and chemotherapy treatment depending on the individual scenario, in highly specialised cancer centres.