CDK4/6 inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer, a comparison of toxicity and efficacy across agents in a real-world dataset

Abstract

Introduction: CDK4/6 inhibitors (ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib) are 1st line therapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). No comparative data exists between agents regarding toxicity or efficacy.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed at our tertiary referral centre evaluating patients on a CDK4/6 inhibitor for MBC between July 2017 and December 2021. Toxicity was evaluated along with variability in full blood counts and liver function over the first 12 weeks of therapy.

Results: Two hundred and seventeen patients were treated (palbociclib 59%, abemaciclib 25% and ribociclib 16%). 86% received the agent as 1st line therapy. Most patients were white women with a median age of 61 years (32-95) and ECOG 0/1. Twelve patients were switched to an alternative CDK4/6 inhibitor due to toxicity and two did not tolerate this. Toxicity profiles of agents were consistent with published trials. However, there was greater overlap in hepatitis, diarrhoea and bone marrow suppression. Blood results indicated a minimum of four weeks treatment before development of neutropenia. Forty percent of patients went onto have subsequent lines of therapy. The progression-free survival per agent was palbociclib 27.9 months (95% CI 23-32.5), ribociclib 29 months (95% CI 21.5-37.0) and abemaciclib 20.6 months (95% CI 15.0-26.0). The overall survival was palbociclib 38.0 months (95% CI 33.5-42.5), ribociclib 33.9 months (95% CI 26.7-41.1) and abemaciclib 27.3 months (95% CI 22.5-32.1).

Conclusions: Toxicity across CDK4/6 inhibitors overlaps. The optimal sequence of therapies post CDK4/6 inhibitors remains unknown but rechallenge with an alternative agent is possible.