Do intrathecal opioids in spinal anaesthesia have a role in enhanced recovery protocols for lower limb arthroplasty procedures?

Abstract

Introduction: Adequate pain relief with minimal side effects plays an important role in enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) after lower limb arthroplasty. It ensures early mobilisation, shortens length of hospital stay and improves patients’ overall experience. Intrathecal opioids given during spinal anaesthesia are believed to provide better perioperative pain relief, however can cause systemic symptoms including dizziness, pruritus and nausea which may delay patients’ recovery.