Management of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in children in the United Kingdom : a review of the literature and current best practice across six large United Kingdom centers

Abstract

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a form of ocular allergy primarily affecting children. Considered a rare disease in Europe, its prevalence varies by geographic region and is poorly studied in the United Kingdom. There is considerable national variation in the management of VKC within the United Kingdom, risking misdiagnosis and delays to treatment for some children. This can significantly impact their quality of life, with the potential for lasting negative consequences. Based on discussions between experienced clinicians from six large centers across the United Kingdom, this article describes best practice recommendations for United Kingdom settings, including principles for diagnosis, referral, initial and long-term management, and supportive care. Recommendations include guidance on referral timing, which should depend on VKC severity, and a stepwise approach to treatment. Joint management by primary care and secondary care is recommended and the importance of supportive care, including emotional support and outreach to schools, is highlighted. Because frequent flareups are common in VKC, it is essential that families have access to the information they need to manage the disease and routes to access rapid care if needed. A thorough understanding of the nature of VKC, its triggers, and how best to manage it, by both patients and their families, is critical to ensuring appropriate management and to improving patient outcomes.