An update on the clinical approach to giant cell arteritis.

Abstract

Recent national and international guidance from rheumatology societies have reflected the advances in evidence for both the investigation and management of giant cell arteritis. Cranial ultrasound reduces diagnostic delay and improves clinical outcomes. Immediate high-dose glucocorticoids remain the standard treatment for giant cell arteritis. Randomised controlled trial evidence using tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, has been shown to have good clinical efficacy with glucocorticoid sparing effects. Overall patient outcomes appear to be improved by formalising pathways for diagnosis to include clinical experts' opinion early in decision making.