Low volume plasma exchange and low dose steroid improve survival in patients with alcohol-related acute on chronic liver failure and severe alcoholic hepatitis - preliminary experience.

Abstract

Background: Alcohol-related acute on chronic liver failure (A-ACLF) patients have high short-term mortality and are poor candidates for steroid therapy. Plasma exchange (PLEX) improves survival in ACLF patients. We analyzed our experience with low volume PLEX (50% of plasma volume exchanged per session) and low dose steroids to treat A-ACLF patients.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the efficacy of low volume PLEX and low-dose steroids with standard medical treatment (SMT) in A-ACLF patients treated at our center between November 2017 to June 2019. The primary study outcome was one-year survival.

Results: Twenty-one A-ACLF patients in PLEX group [age 40 (29-56) years, median (range); MELD score 31 (29-46)] and 29 A-ACLF patients in SMT group [age 41.5 (28-63) years, MELD score 37 (21-48)] were studied. All 50 study patients had severe alcoholic hepatitis [mDF 84.7 (50-389)]. PLEX group patients had 3 (1-7) PLEX sessions with 1.5 (1.4-1.6) liters of plasma exchanged per session and oral Prednisolone 20 mg daily, tapered over 1 month. Kaplan Meier analysis showed better survival over 1 year in the PLEX group compared to the SMT group (P = 0.03). There was renal dysfunction in 10 patients in the PLEX group, which normalized in six patients after PLEX.

Conclusion: In this preliminary report, compared to SMT, low volume PLEX and low dose steroid improved survival over one year in A-ACLF patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. In patients with renal dysfunction, 60% showed improvement in renal function with PLEX. Studies with a larger number of patients are needed to validate these results.