Transformative deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis with sequential compression devices in the care of hospitalized patients

Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a critical complication and concern in hospitalized patients due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Given the complex and multifaceted pathophysiology surrounding DVT formation, patients who have had surgical interventions faced acute or chronic trauma and prolonged immobility are at substantially high risk. Identifying these risk factors early is essential for early intervention and prophylaxis. Current standard-of-care prophylaxis for DVT includes pharmacological agents such as anticoagulants, and recently, there has been an increase in the use of mechanical medical devices such as sequential compression devices (SCDs). Pharmacological prophylaxis, while shown to be effective in some patients, carries certain risks of complications such as bleeding. SCDs offer a safer and more effective approach for these patients. SCDs function by artificially replicating the "pumping mechanism" present in the soleus muscle to enhance venous return and reduce stasis. Various types of SCDs, namely intermittent pneumatic compression and graduated compression stockings, have demonstrated clinical efficacy when used as an adjunctive intervention with anticoagulant medications. This narrative review explores the pathophysiology, risk factors, and prophylactic measures for DVT, focusing on the use of SCDs as a non-pharmacological intervention. Through synthesizing evidence from various studies obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library and evaluating the benefits and limitations of SCD use, this review highlights the need for tailored prophylactic strategies, considering patient-specific risk factors and preferences.