Are ultrasound salivary parenchymal lesions more severe in primary Sjögren patients with a longer disease duration? A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Objectives: Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) has an interest in primary Sjögren's disease (pSD) for diagnosis, but the evolution of parenchymal lesions over time is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the severity of ultrasound abnormalities in relation to pSD duration from the time of buccal dryness onset.

Methods: In this cross-sectional international multicentre study, patients with pSD according to the 2002 or 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria were included. Parenchymal abnormalities were classified according to the semiquantitative score as defined by OMERACT. Patients were separated into 4 groups (Group A: < 5 years, Group B: 5-9 years, Group C: 10-20 years, and Group D: > 20 years from the onset of buccal dryness). The association between disease duration groups and SGUS lesions was quantified in terms of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: A total of 247 patients were consecutively included between May 2019 and February 2022. Eighty-nine percent of patients had a focus score ≥1/4 mm2, and 85% had positive anti-Ro/SSA. pSD duration was associated with a pathological OMERACT score (score 2 or 3): OR for 5-year duration: 1.23 [95% CI 1.04; 1.47], p= 0.0383). Considering each US item, the only statistical association with pSD duration was found regarding the presence of hyperechoic bands (25% or more): OR for five-year duration 1.18 [95% CI 1.03; 1.36], p= 0.038), independent of an older age.

Conclusion: pSD duration was associated with the presence of hyperechoic bands, but not with hypoechoic areas, suggesting a progressive fibro-adipose evolution.